Astronomers are raising concerns over potential light pollution from a planned renewable hydrogen manufacturing complex by AES Energy in Chile, which could severely impact the operations of the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Mount Paranal. The $10 billion INNA project, set to be located just a few kilometers from the observatory, threatens to increase sky brightness by up to 10%, diminishing the VLT’s ability to detect faint astronomical objects and potentially compromising groundbreaking research on phenomena like the Milky Way’s black hole and exoplanet atmospheres. Mount Paranal is renowned for its dark skies, making it an unparalleled site for astronomical studies. ESO Director General Xavier Barcons advocates for relocating the project to mitigate its adverse effects on the observatory, highlighting the necessity for stricter regulations to protect the region from light pollution as AES Energy awaits environmental impact assessments from the Chilean government.