India’s extensive street lighting network faces significant challenges, including high energy consumption, maintenance costs, and environmental concerns associated with traditional incandescent and halogen bulbs. To address these issues, the government has launched initiatives such as the National LED Programme and the Street Lighting National Programme (SLNP), aiming to replace conventional streetlights with energy-efficient LED lights. These LEDs can reduce energy use by up to 80% and have a much longer lifespan, resulting in lower maintenance costs and decreased municipal electricity bills. Furthermore, the integration of smart lighting technology, including IoT capabilities, enhances functionality and efficiency. Successful implementations in cities like Delhi and Pune demonstrate the potential for improved public safety and reduced operational costs. As India progresses towards smart city initiatives, the future of street lighting looks promising, with opportunities for incorporating renewable energy sources and further innovations in lighting technology.